Which sampling method requires testing every unit of product?

• A. Random sampling
• B. 100% inspection
• C. Statistical sampling
• D. Biased sampling

Answer: (B)

Testing every unit of product eliminates the possibility of overlooking a defect, which is why this approach is used when zero defects are required. This is the idea behind 100% inspection: every item is checked, so no defective product can slip through to the customer or endanger animal health.

Why this is the best fit here: in veterinary food inspection, the cost of missing a defective item can be very high for animal welfare and public safety, so inspecting every unit provides absolute assurance.

The other methods rely on sampling rather than checking every item. Random sampling checks units chosen without bias but still only covers a subset, so some defects could be missed. Statistical sampling uses a defined sample size to estimate overall quality, which introduces uncertainty. Biased sampling purposely skews results, which undermines safety and reliability.